Epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of preterm birth over 10 years in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Kisito Nagalo, Fousséni Dao, Roger Badiel, Oumarou Sawadogo, François Housseini Tall, Diarra Yé
2.777 581

Abstract


Background: Preterm birth is an emerging global public health problem. The aim was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and prognostic aspects of preterm newborns delivered at a sanitary training centre in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and describe the mothers of preterm newborns, the circumstances of childbirth, and the clinical characteristics of preterm newborns in order to calculate and study mortality. Material and methods: This retrospective study includes all preterm newborns hospitalized in the neonatology unit of Clinique El Fateh-Suka over a 10-year period. Results: The frequency of preterm birth was 193 of 574 gestational age-specified newborns (33.6%). Insufficient antenatal consultation, premature rupture of membranes, and pathology during pregnancy comprised 58%, 64.9%, and 82.6% of preterm birth cases, respectively. The main pathologies associated with preterm birth included hemorrhagic and hematological disorders (42.5%), neonatal infections (23.3%), congenital malaria (21.8%), and intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia (13.5%). The incidence of mortality was 21.2%, and the major causes of mortality included hemorrhagic and hematological disorders (46.3%), intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia (22%), and neonatal infections (14.6%). These deaths were more frequent in the early neonatal period than late neonatal period (30.8% vs. 6.1%) (OR = 6.91; 95% CI [2.34–20.40]; P = 0.000). Conclusion: Preterm birth occurs frequently in our neonatology unit, and the involved complications are as expected. Providing high-quality antenatal consultations will reduce the incidence of preterm birth. An improved system of care for newborns would also greatly reduce preterm mortality. 


Keywords


Newborn, Premature, Diseases, Mortality

Full Text:

E231


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17334/jps.69907

References


World Health Organization. The prevention of perinatal mortality Switzerland: WHO Technical Report Series; Report and 457, 1970. morbidity. Geneva, Revision. en. Assessed May 23, 2012. Available from: 11. Toubas PL. Problèmes hématologiques chez le nouveau-né. In: Huault G, Labrune B, eds. Pédiatrie d'urgence. Flammarion. 2000:546–52. Paris: Médecine-Sciences

Kriouile Y, Benhammou B, Gaouzi A, Alaoui Mseffer F. Hypoglycémie chez le nouveau-né : mise au point. Médecine du Maghreb. 1998;68:18–21.

Alhaj AM, Radi EA, Adam I. Epidemiology of preterm birth in Omdurman maternity hospital, Sudan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23:131–4.

Rabesandratana N, Hanitriniaina L, Randriamanantena R, Rafaralalao L, Randaoharison P, Andrianarimanana D. Profil épidémio-clinique des nouveau-nés prématurés au CHU Mahajanga. [Article in French]. e-Sante. 2010:70-9. Available from: http://www. revue-esante.info/docannexe.php?id=661. March 7, 2013. Assessed

Feresu SA, Harlow SD, Woelk GB. Risk factors for prematurity at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe. Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1194–201.

Olusanya BO, Ofovwe GE. Predictors of preterm births and low birthweight in an inner-city hospital in sub-Saharan 2010;14:978–86. Matern Africa. Child Health J.

Bobossi Serengbe G, Serdouma E, Ouilibona SF, Fioboy SR, Zohoun T. Aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs des prématurés observés au complexe pédiatrique de Bangui (Centrafrique). Med Afr Noire. [Article in French]. 2006;59:145–50.

Sylla M, Folquet-Amorissani M, Oumar AA, Dicko FT, Sidibe T, Moyo L et al. Morbidité et mortalité néonatales dans le service de réanimation pédiatrique de l’hôpital Gabriel Touré. Louvain Médical. 2009;128:141–4.

Balaka B, Baeta S, Agbere AR, Boko K, Kessie K, Assimadi K. [Risk factors associated with prematurity at the University Hospital of Lome, Togo]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2002;95:280–3.

Pambou O, Ntsika-Kaya P, Ekoundzola JR, Mayanda F. [Preterm births at Brazzaville University Hospital]. Cahiers Sante. 2006;16:185–9.

Papiernik E. Coefficient de risque d'accouchement prématuré (CRAP). Presse Med. 1969;77:793–4.

Dick-Amon-Tanoh F, Lasme-Guillao BE, Nguessan R, Konan Ble R, Akaffou AE et Cardenat. Anémie du prématuré et pratiques transfusionnelles au Centre Hospitalo-universitaire de Yopougon à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Clin Mother Child Health. 2011;8:5.

Kidanto HL, Mogren I, Lindmark G, Massawe S, Nystrom L. Risks for preterm delivery and low birth weight are independently increased by severity of maternal anaemia. S Afr Med J. 2009;99:98–102.

Folquet-Amorissani M, Sylla M, Dainguy ME, Kouakou C, Seuchi P, Houenou-Agbo Y, et al. [Anemia in the premature newborn]. Mali Med. 2007;22:5.

Widness JA. Pathophysiology of anemia during the neonatal period, including anemia of prematurity. NeoReviews. 2008;9:e520.

Sanou I, Traoré A, Kam KL, Yé D, Kouéta F, Dao L, et al. Morbidité et mortalité néonatales au centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) de 1993 à 1997. Burkina Médical. 1998;2:18–22.

Akaffou AE, Karama-Tape K, Kangah D, N'guessan R, Dick-Amon-Tanoh F. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in the Teaching Hospital of Yopougon during the first ten years of functioning. Med Afr Noire. 2009;56:430–4.

Azoumah KD, Balaka B, Aboubakari AS, Matey K, Yolou A, Agbere AR. Neonatal morbidity and mortality at UHC Kara (Togo) Med Afr Noire. 2010;57:109–12.

Bobossi Serengbe G, Sana Deyamissi TS, Diemerh C, Gaudueille A, Gresenguet G, Mandaba JL, et al. Morbidité et mortalité néonatales au complexe pédiatrique de Bangui (Centrafrique). Med Afr Noire. 2004;51:159–63.

Kouéta F, Yé D, Dao L, Néboua D, Sawadogo A. [Neonatal morbidity and mortality in 2002-2006 at the Charles de Gaulle pediatric hospital in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. Cahiers Sante. 2007;17:187–91.

Labie D. Four million year neonates deaths: balance sheet and possible actions. Medecine/sciences. 2005;21:768–71.

Lawn JE, Mwansa-Kambafwile J, Horta BL, Barros FC, Cousens S. ‘Kangaroo mother care’ to prevent neonatal deaths due to preterm birth complications. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39:i144–i154.

Balaka B, Bonkoungou P, Matey K, Napo-Bitantem S, Kessie K, Assimadi K. [Neonatal septicaemia: bacteriological aspects and outcome in the university hospital center of Lome]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2004;97:97–9.

Zaidi AKM, Durrane Thaver SM, Asad Ali S, Ahmed Khan T. Pathogens associated with sepsis in newborns and young infants in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:S10–S18.

McGregor IA, Wilson ME, Billewicz WZ. Malaria infection of the placenta in the Gambia, West Africa; its incidence and relationship to stillbirth, birth weight and placental weight. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983;77:232–44.

Kase JS, Visintainer P. The relationship between congenital malformations and preterm birth. J Perinat Med. 2007;35:538–42.

Tietche F, Ngongang J, Tokam A, Mbonda E, Wamba G, Tene G, et al. Maturation pulmonaire fœtale du noir africain : étude préliminaire. Med Afr Noire. 1998;45:95–8.